Spirituality Target Words 1.agnostic 2.animism 3.atheist 4.be inclined to 5.contemplate Definitions and Samples 6.deify 7.ecclesiastical 8.exalt 9.pious 10.sacrifice 1. agnosticadj.Believing that humans cannot know whether there is a god HisdevoutlyChristianparentshadproblemswithhisagnosticbeliefs. Parts of speechagnostic n,agnosticism n 2. animismn.The belief that natural objects,such as trees,have souls Desert cultures that practice animismoften believe that winds contain spirits. Parts of speechanimistic adj 3. atheistn.One who does not believe in the existence of a supreme being He argued that his scientific training made it impossible for him to be anything but an atheist. Parts of speechatheistic adj
4. be inclined tov.To favor an opinion or a course of action He couldn’t say which candidate he favored,but he had always been inclined tovote Republican. Parts of speechincline n,inclination n 5. contemplatev.To consider thoughtfully If you contemplateeach step for so long,we will never complete this project on time. Parts of speechcontemplation n,contemplative adj 6. deifyv.To worship as a god When people deifythe leader of their country,the leader is able to abuse power more easily. Parts of speechdeity n 7. ecclesiasticaladj.Relating to a church He was looking specifically for a university where he could study ecclesiasticalhistory. Parts of speechecclesiastic n,ecclesiastically adv 8. exaltv.To praise or honor He would often exaltthe virtues of his new wife. Parts of speechexaltation n 9. piousadj.Having or exhibiting religious reverence Sometimes she was so piousthat the rest of us felt like heathens. Parts of speechpiousness n,piety n,piously adv 10. sacrificev.Anything offered to a deity as a religious thanksgiving; giving up something in order to have something more valuable later on Every harvest time,the Fadeloni people sacrificedvegetables to their gods as a show of thanks
In order to succeed in his career,he had to sacrificehis private life and his leisure time. Parts of speechsacrifice n,sacrificial adj,sacrificially adv TOEFL Prep IComplete each sentence by filling in the blank with the best word or phrase from the list.Change the form of the word if necessary.Use each word or phrase only once. be inclined to contemplate deify exalted sacrifice 1.Traditionally,the Camerian society __________ its leaders,considering them to be sent from the land of the gods. 2.To do well in his university courses,he had to __________ a lot of his personal time. 3.The generation of American leaders known as “the Founders”are __________ by many scholars for their wisdom and courage. 4.She knew she would always __________ agree with what her mother said,so she struggled to remain unbiased. 5.The human resources department __________ whether they should let Mary go. TOEFL Prep IICircle the likely meaning of the word part that is shared within each set of words. 1.animism,animal,animation The root animaprobably means a.color b.death c.many d.life
2.atheistic,amoral,apathetic The prefix aprobably means a.not b.loving c.excessive d.surely TOEFL SuccessRead the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned.Answer the questions that follow. Bonus Structure— HereAs patriarch means “while working in the position of church leader.” In Russia,several religions coexist,including Christianity,Judaism,Islam, and animism.The most common religion is Christianity,and most Christians are members of the Russian Orthodox Church.The Church has existed for over 1,000 years,surviving even the official atheismof the Soviet era and the agnosticismthat may have been even more prominent at the time.During the communist years,many Russians who practiced Orthodoxy sacrificedcareer and educational opportunities.The tenacity of Russian Orthodoxy may explain why even nonreligious Russians are inclined tocall themselves Russian Orthodox.That same staying power drives the Church today,which is run by Aleksey II of Moscow.Born Aleksey Mikhailovich Ridiger,the future patriarch was from a very pious family.As a boy,Aleksey was often taken by his parents on their annual pilgrimages,when he most certainly began contemplationof the religious way of life he was to choose.As patriarch,Aleksey is exaltedin the Church governance,but he is not deified. Aleksey has published articles on Church history and peacemaking in both the ecclesiasticaland secular press, broadening the Church’s image both in Russia and abroad. 1.Which sentence best expresses the essential information of this passage? a.The Russian Orthodox Church was banned under Soviet control. b.Few Russians believe in a god. c.Aleksey II has updated the church’s image. d.The Russian Orthodox Church has a long history of strong membership in Russia
Illness Target Words 1.aggravate 2.decrepit 3.disease 4.fatally 5.forensics Definitions and Samples 6.persist 7.prognosis 8.terminal 9.vein 10.wound 1. aggravatev.To make worse;to anger or intensify Running will aggravateyour sore knees. Parts of speechaggravation n 2. decrepitadj.Weakened or worn out because of age,illness,or excessive use The once-beautiful building was now dirty,decrepit,and roofless. 3. diseasen.An unhealthful condition caused by an infection or a longterm physical problem Thanks to developments in medicine,many once-fatal diseasescan now be cured. 4. fatallyadv.Causing death or disaster The soldier was fatallywounded in the battle. Parts of speechfatality n,fatal adj
5. forensicsn.The use of science and technology to investigate facts in criminal cases Advances in the study of forensicshave made it much easier to identify criminals from very small traces of evidence. Parts of speechforensic adj 6. persistv.To continue to exist;to hold to a purpose,despite any obstacle If your symptoms persist,you should go see a doctor. Lola persistedin her efforts to become a lawyer. Parts of speechpersistence n, persistent adj 7. prognosisn.An educated guess of how something will develop,especially a disease The room fell silent when the doctor gave Senator Grebe a grim prognosisof months of treatment. 8. terminaladj.Located at an end;approaching death The cancer ward at the hospital held both terminaland recovering patients. Parts of speechterminate v,terminally adv 9. veinn.Any of the tubes that form a branching system,especially those that carry blood to the heart She became fascinated with human anatomy,especially when she learned how veinstransport oxygen. 10. woundv.To inflict an injury on Sometimes he didn’t realize his sharp humor could woundas well as entertain. Parts of speechwound n TOEFL Prep IChoose the word from the list that is closest in meaning to the underlined part of each sentence.Write it in the blank. disease fatal persist prognosis wound
He sustained a serious injury home immediately. 2.Her sickness treat it. was so rare,doctors weren’t certain how to 3.His motto was to keep trying pened. ,no matter what hap4.The medical staff could not know for sure whether the treatment would work,but they made a confident prediction that the patient would recover. 5.The airplane crash was tragic,killing many people immediately and inflicting injuries on others that would eventually prove deadl y . TOEFL Prep IINext to each definition,write the word that most closely fits it. aggravate decrepit forensics terminal vein 1.the science involved in solving crimes 2.a vessel for carrying blood 3.to make worse 4.unable to be cured 5.in very bad condition TOEFL SuccessRead the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned.Answer the questions that follow. The man was decrepit.With high blood pressure,cancer,and liver disease, he aggravatedhis situation by smoking.His prognosiswas death.His advanced lung cancer was terminal,and his family members knew that he would pass away soon.So no one was surprised to find him dead on that sharp winter Thursday,no one,that is,except one sharp-eyed detective
who noticed the bedroom window ajar on the morning of the old man’s death.Would a fatallyill person be likely to sleep with the window open on a freezing cold night? This question occupied forensicspecialists from the medical examiner’s office.There,an autopsy revealed an unlikely wound on the victim’s thigh.Such a wound could easily have been inflicted by someone administering medicine...or poison.From there,the poison could travel through the veins,shutting down vital organs and causing death within seconds. Indeed,the death turned out to be murder in the first degree.Criminal investigators persistedin their questioning of friends and family,only later finding the motive:money. Two distant relatives who stood to inherit large sums from the old man’s estate plotted the death,believing that the old man’s death would not be questioned. 1.Why does the author mention a woun d ? a.The wound caused the death. b.It was evidence of a struggle. c.It was suspicious. d.It was predictable,considering the man’s disease. 2.In the passage,the word inherit Bonus Structure— Indeedindicates that an idea in an earlier paragraph was actually true. is closest in meaning to a.lose b.gain c.earn d.want
Surgery Target Words 1.anesthesia 2.augment 3.certifiably 4.complication 5.cure Definitions and Samples 6.implant 7.inject 8.obese 9.procedure 10.scar 1. anesthesian.Techniques for reducing sensation and feeling,especially to control pain The Civil War was the first American war when anesthesiawas widely used in surgery on soldiers. Usage tipsAnesthesiaand anestheticare often used interchangeably. Parts of speechanesthetic n, adj 2. augmentv.To make bigger or better by adding to In some types of popular cosmetic surgery people augmentparts of their bodies. The college augmentedits course offerings because students complained that there were too few choices. Parts of speechaugmentation
certifiablyadv.In a manner that is officially recognized He couldn’t be institutionalized until he was declared certifiably insane. Parts of speechcertify v,certification n,certificate n,certifiable adj 4. complicationn.A factor that makes something more difficult or complex The surgeons could not easily stop the bleeding because of complicationsrelated to the patient’s diabetes. Parts of speechcomplicate v 5. curev.To restore to health They say laughter can help curemany illnesses. Parts of speechcure n 6. implantv.To set in firmly;to insert in the body surgically The actress had cheek implantsto make her face look fuller. Parts of speechimplantation n 7. injectv.To insert a liquid by means of a syringe The doctor used a needle to injectthe medicine slowly into her arm. Parts of speechinjection n 8. obeseadj.Excessively overweight More Americans are obesenow because U.S.culture encourages overeating and discourages exercise. Parts of speechobesity n 9. proceduren.A specific way of performing or doing something The flight attendant explained the emergency evacuation procedure. Parts of speechproceed v,procedural adj
10. scarn.A mark on the skin left after a wound has healed;a lasting sign of damage,either mental or physical The surgery was successful,but it left a large scaracross her abdomen. Parts of speechscar v TOEFL Prep IFor each word,choose the word or phrase that has the most similar meaning.Write the letter of your choice on the line. 1.scar (a)bandage 2.augment (a)take away 3.complication (b)mark (b)discuss (a)added difficulty (c)method of training 4.obese (a)attractive 5.cure (a)heal (b)healthy (b)study (c)shine (c)use (d)cover (d)add to (b)improved performance (d)prediction about results (c)very overweight (c)diagnose (d)high (d)tie up TOEFL Prep IICircle the word that best completes each sentence. 1.The (procedure / scar) to prepare for the surgery took four hours. 2.Only seriously (certifiable / obese) people should get their stomachs surgically reduced. 3.He almost died during the operation because the doctors did not give him the right kind of (anesthesia / complication). 4.Doctors are now able to (cure / implant) many types of sickness that were usually fatal in the past. 5.Before (augmenting / injecting) a painkiller,the dentist rubbed cloves on the woman’s gums to numb them
TOEFL SuccessRead the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned.Answer the questions that follow. Since1992,thenumberofcosmeticsurgeryprocedureshasrisen175 percentintheUnitedStates.Twoofthemostpopularareliposuctionand breastaugmentation.Inliposuction,thedoctorinsertsasmalltubeintothe skinthatsucksfatfromthebody.Andwhileitmaysound easy,itisn’t.Liposuctionissopainfulthatpeopleareoften givenanesthesia.What’smore,liposuctionisnotreallya cureforobesity.Rather Bonus Structure— What’s more , it should be used w hen diet and exercise do not reduce fat in certain “trouble spots. means “in addition; even more importantly.” ” Anothercommoncosmeticprocedureisbreastaugmentation.Inthisprocedure,animplantisinsertedthroughthearmpit, makingthebreastsappearlarger.Breastaugmentationusuallyleavesonly asmallscar.Somecommoncomplicationsincludetheeffectsofanesthesia, infection,swelling,redness,bleeding,andpain.Toreducetheserisks, consumersareadvisedtobesurethattheirsurgeonisboard-certified. 1.Which sentence best expresses the essential information of this passage? a.Cosmetic surgery is dangerous. b.Many people do not have cosmetic surgery because of the pain. c.Cosmetic surgery is increasing in popularity in the United States. d.Breast reduction is almost as popular as breast augmentation. 2.In the underlined sentence,trouble spotsrefers to a.places where people are commonly overweight b.methods of exercise that aren’t effective c.parts of the body where liposuction doesn’t work d.specific areas on the body where fat is hard to minimize Lesson 12Surgery TOEFL Prep I1.b2.d3.a4.c5.a TOEFL Prep II1.procedure2.obese3.anesthesia4.cure 5.injecting TOEFL Success1.c2.d
Ghosts Target Words 1.astrological 2.divination 3.haunt 4.horror 5.intermediary Definitions and Samples 6.invoke 7.meditate 8.phantom 9.psychic 10.self-perpetuating 1. astrologicaladj.Related to the study of the position of stars,the sun, and the planets in the belief that they influence earthly events Every day,Mona read her astrologicalforecast in the newspaper, and she was careful if the horoscope predicted trouble. Parts of speechastrology n,astrologer n,astrologically adv 2. divinationn.Foretelling the future by finding patterns in physical objects In Turkey,women offer divinationsby reading the dregs from a coffee cup. Parts of speechdivine v 3. hauntv.To continually appear (in the form of a ghost) in the same place or to the same person
Some say the ghost of Princess Hilda hauntsthis castle,appearing as a headless form while she plays the piano. The pictures of children dying in war have hauntedme for a long time. 4. horrorn.Strong fear mixed with disgust On Halloween night,all the horrormovies were rented out. Parts of speechhorrify v,horrific adj 5. intermediaryn.Acting as an agent between people or things The plaintiff’s lawyer suggested that they hire an intermediaryto help them discuss their case. Usage tipsIntermediarycomes from the Latin words meaning “between the ways.” 6. invokev.To call on for support In many religions,believers invoketheir god by holding out their hands. Parts of speechinvocation n 7. meditatev.To reflect;to think quietly and deeply for a long time Every morning,the monks meditatedfor three hours in complete silence. Parts of speechmeditation n 8. phantomn.A dimly visible form,usually thought to be the spirit of a dead person,a sunken ship,etc. Many visitors reported seeing a phantomwho appeared around the lake. Usage tipsPhantomoriginates in a word meaning “dream”;like a dream,a phantom leaves an observer wondering whether it’s real or not
9. psychicadj.Relating to the supposed ability of the human mind to sense things that cannot be observed The governor’s assistant claimed to have unique psychicabilities enabling him to read people’s minds. Parts of speechpsychic n,psychically adv 10. self-perpetuatingadj.Having the power to renew oneself for an indefinite period of time It is difficult to escape from a lie,as they are often self-perpetuating. Parts of speechself-perpetuation n TOEFL Prep IFor each word,choose the word or phrase that has the most similar meaning.Write the letter of your choice on the line. 1.divination (a)demand 2.haunt (a)dry out (b)prediction (c)continue to disturb 3.meditate (a)clarify 4.invoke (a)call 5.psychic (a)empty (b)expose (b)cry (b)mental (c)problem (b)fail to show up (d)route (d)search desperately (c)purge (c)inspire (c)powerful (d)think (d)reject (d)vague TOEFL Prep IICircle the word that best completes each sentence. 1.The leaders of the religious group are said to have (astrological / psychic) powers that allow them to move objects just by the power of their thoughts
2.For years after the earthquake,she was disturbed by the (haunting / self-perpetuating) memories of destruction. 3.The boys told their new friend that they had seen (intermediaries / phantoms) in the cemetery at night. 4.During the scuffle,the citizens were prepared to (invoke / meditate) the right of citizen’s arrest because no police officers were present. 5.Her (divination / horror) of the results of their meeting impressed even the nonbelievers. TOEFL SuccessRead the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned.Answer the questions that follow. Somesaythatsailorsareasuperstitiousgroup.Longnightsofwatching starspredisposethemtoabeliefinastrology.Longperiodsofisolation leadthemtobelieveinpsychicphenomenathatotherswouldlaughat. Thismayexplainsailors’frequentreportsofseeingphantomships.From theGulfofMexico,acrosstheAtlantic,andtotheSouthChinaSea, sailorsoftenclaimthatsuchvesselshaunttheseas.Oneofthemost famousstoriesofghostshipsistheFlyingDutchman,whichsailedin 1680fromAmsterdamtoDutchEastIndiaunderHendrick Vanderdecken.Whenthecaptainignoredthedangerwarningsofastorm, hisshipwassmashedandthecrewwaslost.Accordingtolegend,his arroganceinvokedthewrathofGod,whocondemnedthelostcrewmemberstobattlethewatersofftheCapeofGoodHopeforeternity. Sincethen,therehavebeenrepeatedsightingsoftheFlyingDutchman, oneasrecentas1939.Manysightingsofphantomshipsoccurinareas wherevesselsareknowntohavesunk.Sailorscanneverdivinewhenor wheretheywillnextencounteraphantomship.Rather,mostoftheir sightingsoccurrandomly,onlylatertobringforthinformationofaformer seahorror.Somesaythatghostsaboardaphantomshiparetryingtouse livingsailorsastheirintermediaries.Stillothersthinkthattheexistence ofphantomshipsismerelyaself-perpetuatingmythforboredsailors whoarepronetotoomuchidlemeditationaboutthemeaningoflifeand deathonthehighseas
4. be inclined tov.To favor an opinion or a course of action He couldn’t say which candidate he favored,but he had always been inclined tovote Republican. Parts of speechincline n,inclination n 5. contemplatev.To consider thoughtfully If you contemplateeach step for so long,we will never complete this project on time. Parts of speechcontemplation n,contemplative adj 6. deifyv.To worship as a god When people deifythe leader of their country,the leader is able to abuse power more easily. Parts of speechdeity n 7. ecclesiasticaladj.Relating to a church He was looking specifically for a university where he could study ecclesiasticalhistory. Parts of speechecclesiastic n,ecclesiastically adv 8. exaltv.To praise or honor He would often exaltthe virtues of his new wife. Parts of speechexaltation n 9. piousadj.Having or exhibiting religious reverence Sometimes she was so piousthat the rest of us felt like heathens. Parts of speechpiousness n,piety n,piously adv 10. sacrificev.Anything offered to a deity as a religious thanksgiving; giving up something in order to have something more valuable later on Every harvest time,the Fadeloni people sacrificedvegetables to their gods as a show of thanks
In order to succeed in his career,he had to sacrificehis private life and his leisure time. Parts of speechsacrifice n,sacrificial adj,sacrificially adv TOEFL Prep IComplete each sentence by filling in the blank with the best word or phrase from the list.Change the form of the word if necessary.Use each word or phrase only once. be inclined to contemplate deify exalted sacrifice 1.Traditionally,the Camerian society __________ its leaders,considering them to be sent from the land of the gods. 2.To do well in his university courses,he had to __________ a lot of his personal time. 3.The generation of American leaders known as “the Founders”are __________ by many scholars for their wisdom and courage. 4.She knew she would always __________ agree with what her mother said,so she struggled to remain unbiased. 5.The human resources department __________ whether they should let Mary go. TOEFL Prep IICircle the likely meaning of the word part that is shared within each set of words. 1.animism,animal,animation The root animaprobably means a.color b.death c.many d.life
2.atheistic,amoral,apathetic The prefix aprobably means a.not b.loving c.excessive d.surely TOEFL SuccessRead the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned.Answer the questions that follow. Bonus Structure— HereAs patriarch means “while working in the position of church leader.” In Russia,several religions coexist,including Christianity,Judaism,Islam, and animism.The most common religion is Christianity,and most Christians are members of the Russian Orthodox Church.The Church has existed for over 1,000 years,surviving even the official atheismof the Soviet era and the agnosticismthat may have been even more prominent at the time.During the communist years,many Russians who practiced Orthodoxy sacrificedcareer and educational opportunities.The tenacity of Russian Orthodoxy may explain why even nonreligious Russians are inclined tocall themselves Russian Orthodox.That same staying power drives the Church today,which is run by Aleksey II of Moscow.Born Aleksey Mikhailovich Ridiger,the future patriarch was from a very pious family.As a boy,Aleksey was often taken by his parents on their annual pilgrimages,when he most certainly began contemplationof the religious way of life he was to choose.As patriarch,Aleksey is exaltedin the Church governance,but he is not deified. Aleksey has published articles on Church history and peacemaking in both the ecclesiasticaland secular press, broadening the Church’s image both in Russia and abroad. 1.Which sentence best expresses the essential information of this passage? a.The Russian Orthodox Church was banned under Soviet control. b.Few Russians believe in a god. c.Aleksey II has updated the church’s image. d.The Russian Orthodox Church has a long history of strong membership in Russia
Illness Target Words 1.aggravate 2.decrepit 3.disease 4.fatally 5.forensics Definitions and Samples 6.persist 7.prognosis 8.terminal 9.vein 10.wound 1. aggravatev.To make worse;to anger or intensify Running will aggravateyour sore knees. Parts of speechaggravation n 2. decrepitadj.Weakened or worn out because of age,illness,or excessive use The once-beautiful building was now dirty,decrepit,and roofless. 3. diseasen.An unhealthful condition caused by an infection or a longterm physical problem Thanks to developments in medicine,many once-fatal diseasescan now be cured. 4. fatallyadv.Causing death or disaster The soldier was fatallywounded in the battle. Parts of speechfatality n,fatal adj
5. forensicsn.The use of science and technology to investigate facts in criminal cases Advances in the study of forensicshave made it much easier to identify criminals from very small traces of evidence. Parts of speechforensic adj 6. persistv.To continue to exist;to hold to a purpose,despite any obstacle If your symptoms persist,you should go see a doctor. Lola persistedin her efforts to become a lawyer. Parts of speechpersistence n, persistent adj 7. prognosisn.An educated guess of how something will develop,especially a disease The room fell silent when the doctor gave Senator Grebe a grim prognosisof months of treatment. 8. terminaladj.Located at an end;approaching death The cancer ward at the hospital held both terminaland recovering patients. Parts of speechterminate v,terminally adv 9. veinn.Any of the tubes that form a branching system,especially those that carry blood to the heart She became fascinated with human anatomy,especially when she learned how veinstransport oxygen. 10. woundv.To inflict an injury on Sometimes he didn’t realize his sharp humor could woundas well as entertain. Parts of speechwound n TOEFL Prep IChoose the word from the list that is closest in meaning to the underlined part of each sentence.Write it in the blank. disease fatal persist prognosis wound
He sustained a serious injury home immediately. 2.Her sickness treat it. was so rare,doctors weren’t certain how to 3.His motto was to keep trying pened. ,no matter what hap4.The medical staff could not know for sure whether the treatment would work,but they made a confident prediction that the patient would recover. 5.The airplane crash was tragic,killing many people immediately and inflicting injuries on others that would eventually prove deadl y . TOEFL Prep IINext to each definition,write the word that most closely fits it. aggravate decrepit forensics terminal vein 1.the science involved in solving crimes 2.a vessel for carrying blood 3.to make worse 4.unable to be cured 5.in very bad condition TOEFL SuccessRead the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned.Answer the questions that follow. The man was decrepit.With high blood pressure,cancer,and liver disease, he aggravatedhis situation by smoking.His prognosiswas death.His advanced lung cancer was terminal,and his family members knew that he would pass away soon.So no one was surprised to find him dead on that sharp winter Thursday,no one,that is,except one sharp-eyed detective
who noticed the bedroom window ajar on the morning of the old man’s death.Would a fatallyill person be likely to sleep with the window open on a freezing cold night? This question occupied forensicspecialists from the medical examiner’s office.There,an autopsy revealed an unlikely wound on the victim’s thigh.Such a wound could easily have been inflicted by someone administering medicine...or poison.From there,the poison could travel through the veins,shutting down vital organs and causing death within seconds. Indeed,the death turned out to be murder in the first degree.Criminal investigators persistedin their questioning of friends and family,only later finding the motive:money. Two distant relatives who stood to inherit large sums from the old man’s estate plotted the death,believing that the old man’s death would not be questioned. 1.Why does the author mention a woun d ? a.The wound caused the death. b.It was evidence of a struggle. c.It was suspicious. d.It was predictable,considering the man’s disease. 2.In the passage,the word inherit Bonus Structure— Indeedindicates that an idea in an earlier paragraph was actually true. is closest in meaning to a.lose b.gain c.earn d.want
Surgery Target Words 1.anesthesia 2.augment 3.certifiably 4.complication 5.cure Definitions and Samples 6.implant 7.inject 8.obese 9.procedure 10.scar 1. anesthesian.Techniques for reducing sensation and feeling,especially to control pain The Civil War was the first American war when anesthesiawas widely used in surgery on soldiers. Usage tipsAnesthesiaand anestheticare often used interchangeably. Parts of speechanesthetic n, adj 2. augmentv.To make bigger or better by adding to In some types of popular cosmetic surgery people augmentparts of their bodies. The college augmentedits course offerings because students complained that there were too few choices. Parts of speechaugmentation
certifiablyadv.In a manner that is officially recognized He couldn’t be institutionalized until he was declared certifiably insane. Parts of speechcertify v,certification n,certificate n,certifiable adj 4. complicationn.A factor that makes something more difficult or complex The surgeons could not easily stop the bleeding because of complicationsrelated to the patient’s diabetes. Parts of speechcomplicate v 5. curev.To restore to health They say laughter can help curemany illnesses. Parts of speechcure n 6. implantv.To set in firmly;to insert in the body surgically The actress had cheek implantsto make her face look fuller. Parts of speechimplantation n 7. injectv.To insert a liquid by means of a syringe The doctor used a needle to injectthe medicine slowly into her arm. Parts of speechinjection n 8. obeseadj.Excessively overweight More Americans are obesenow because U.S.culture encourages overeating and discourages exercise. Parts of speechobesity n 9. proceduren.A specific way of performing or doing something The flight attendant explained the emergency evacuation procedure. Parts of speechproceed v,procedural adj
10. scarn.A mark on the skin left after a wound has healed;a lasting sign of damage,either mental or physical The surgery was successful,but it left a large scaracross her abdomen. Parts of speechscar v TOEFL Prep IFor each word,choose the word or phrase that has the most similar meaning.Write the letter of your choice on the line. 1.scar (a)bandage 2.augment (a)take away 3.complication (b)mark (b)discuss (a)added difficulty (c)method of training 4.obese (a)attractive 5.cure (a)heal (b)healthy (b)study (c)shine (c)use (d)cover (d)add to (b)improved performance (d)prediction about results (c)very overweight (c)diagnose (d)high (d)tie up TOEFL Prep IICircle the word that best completes each sentence. 1.The (procedure / scar) to prepare for the surgery took four hours. 2.Only seriously (certifiable / obese) people should get their stomachs surgically reduced. 3.He almost died during the operation because the doctors did not give him the right kind of (anesthesia / complication). 4.Doctors are now able to (cure / implant) many types of sickness that were usually fatal in the past. 5.Before (augmenting / injecting) a painkiller,the dentist rubbed cloves on the woman’s gums to numb them
TOEFL SuccessRead the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned.Answer the questions that follow. Since1992,thenumberofcosmeticsurgeryprocedureshasrisen175 percentintheUnitedStates.Twoofthemostpopularareliposuctionand breastaugmentation.Inliposuction,thedoctorinsertsasmalltubeintothe skinthatsucksfatfromthebody.Andwhileitmaysound easy,itisn’t.Liposuctionissopainfulthatpeopleareoften givenanesthesia.What’smore,liposuctionisnotreallya cureforobesity.Rather Bonus Structure— What’s more , it should be used w hen diet and exercise do not reduce fat in certain “trouble spots. means “in addition; even more importantly.” ” Anothercommoncosmeticprocedureisbreastaugmentation.Inthisprocedure,animplantisinsertedthroughthearmpit, makingthebreastsappearlarger.Breastaugmentationusuallyleavesonly asmallscar.Somecommoncomplicationsincludetheeffectsofanesthesia, infection,swelling,redness,bleeding,andpain.Toreducetheserisks, consumersareadvisedtobesurethattheirsurgeonisboard-certified. 1.Which sentence best expresses the essential information of this passage? a.Cosmetic surgery is dangerous. b.Many people do not have cosmetic surgery because of the pain. c.Cosmetic surgery is increasing in popularity in the United States. d.Breast reduction is almost as popular as breast augmentation. 2.In the underlined sentence,trouble spotsrefers to a.places where people are commonly overweight b.methods of exercise that aren’t effective c.parts of the body where liposuction doesn’t work d.specific areas on the body where fat is hard to minimize Lesson 12Surgery TOEFL Prep I1.b2.d3.a4.c5.a TOEFL Prep II1.procedure2.obese3.anesthesia4.cure 5.injecting TOEFL Success1.c2.d
Ghosts Target Words 1.astrological 2.divination 3.haunt 4.horror 5.intermediary Definitions and Samples 6.invoke 7.meditate 8.phantom 9.psychic 10.self-perpetuating 1. astrologicaladj.Related to the study of the position of stars,the sun, and the planets in the belief that they influence earthly events Every day,Mona read her astrologicalforecast in the newspaper, and she was careful if the horoscope predicted trouble. Parts of speechastrology n,astrologer n,astrologically adv 2. divinationn.Foretelling the future by finding patterns in physical objects In Turkey,women offer divinationsby reading the dregs from a coffee cup. Parts of speechdivine v 3. hauntv.To continually appear (in the form of a ghost) in the same place or to the same person
Some say the ghost of Princess Hilda hauntsthis castle,appearing as a headless form while she plays the piano. The pictures of children dying in war have hauntedme for a long time. 4. horrorn.Strong fear mixed with disgust On Halloween night,all the horrormovies were rented out. Parts of speechhorrify v,horrific adj 5. intermediaryn.Acting as an agent between people or things The plaintiff’s lawyer suggested that they hire an intermediaryto help them discuss their case. Usage tipsIntermediarycomes from the Latin words meaning “between the ways.” 6. invokev.To call on for support In many religions,believers invoketheir god by holding out their hands. Parts of speechinvocation n 7. meditatev.To reflect;to think quietly and deeply for a long time Every morning,the monks meditatedfor three hours in complete silence. Parts of speechmeditation n 8. phantomn.A dimly visible form,usually thought to be the spirit of a dead person,a sunken ship,etc. Many visitors reported seeing a phantomwho appeared around the lake. Usage tipsPhantomoriginates in a word meaning “dream”;like a dream,a phantom leaves an observer wondering whether it’s real or not
9. psychicadj.Relating to the supposed ability of the human mind to sense things that cannot be observed The governor’s assistant claimed to have unique psychicabilities enabling him to read people’s minds. Parts of speechpsychic n,psychically adv 10. self-perpetuatingadj.Having the power to renew oneself for an indefinite period of time It is difficult to escape from a lie,as they are often self-perpetuating. Parts of speechself-perpetuation n TOEFL Prep IFor each word,choose the word or phrase that has the most similar meaning.Write the letter of your choice on the line. 1.divination (a)demand 2.haunt (a)dry out (b)prediction (c)continue to disturb 3.meditate (a)clarify 4.invoke (a)call 5.psychic (a)empty (b)expose (b)cry (b)mental (c)problem (b)fail to show up (d)route (d)search desperately (c)purge (c)inspire (c)powerful (d)think (d)reject (d)vague TOEFL Prep IICircle the word that best completes each sentence. 1.The leaders of the religious group are said to have (astrological / psychic) powers that allow them to move objects just by the power of their thoughts
2.For years after the earthquake,she was disturbed by the (haunting / self-perpetuating) memories of destruction. 3.The boys told their new friend that they had seen (intermediaries / phantoms) in the cemetery at night. 4.During the scuffle,the citizens were prepared to (invoke / meditate) the right of citizen’s arrest because no police officers were present. 5.Her (divination / horror) of the results of their meeting impressed even the nonbelievers. TOEFL SuccessRead the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned.Answer the questions that follow. Somesaythatsailorsareasuperstitiousgroup.Longnightsofwatching starspredisposethemtoabeliefinastrology.Longperiodsofisolation leadthemtobelieveinpsychicphenomenathatotherswouldlaughat. Thismayexplainsailors’frequentreportsofseeingphantomships.From theGulfofMexico,acrosstheAtlantic,andtotheSouthChinaSea, sailorsoftenclaimthatsuchvesselshaunttheseas.Oneofthemost famousstoriesofghostshipsistheFlyingDutchman,whichsailedin 1680fromAmsterdamtoDutchEastIndiaunderHendrick Vanderdecken.Whenthecaptainignoredthedangerwarningsofastorm, hisshipwassmashedandthecrewwaslost.Accordingtolegend,his arroganceinvokedthewrathofGod,whocondemnedthelostcrewmemberstobattlethewatersofftheCapeofGoodHopeforeternity. Sincethen,therehavebeenrepeatedsightingsoftheFlyingDutchman, oneasrecentas1939.Manysightingsofphantomshipsoccurinareas wherevesselsareknowntohavesunk.Sailorscanneverdivinewhenor wheretheywillnextencounteraphantomship.Rather,mostoftheir sightingsoccurrandomly,onlylatertobringforthinformationofaformer seahorror.Somesaythatghostsaboardaphantomshiparetryingtouse livingsailorsastheirintermediaries.Stillothersthinkthattheexistence ofphantomshipsismerelyaself-perpetuatingmythforboredsailors whoarepronetotoomuchidlemeditationaboutthemeaningoflifeand deathonthehighseas